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Gorbachev: Dramaturge ?! 2. Learning from the Eastern European surprise 3. Social transformation as participative drama 4. Beyond cause-and-effect explanations: aesthetic participation 5. Human sacrifice and social transformation 6. Dramatic cover-ups in international organizations 7. Participation in dramatized realities 8. Dramatizing international organizations 9. Escaping from metaphoric traps 10. In search of guiding metaphors 11. World governance and imagination building 12. Towards higher orders of consensus: the crop rotation metaphor 13. Imaginative weapons of the future: binary metaphoric dramas? 14. Beyond winning and losing 15. Implications References
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Paper prepared for the 12th Conference (Barcelona, 1991) of the World Futures Studies Federation (WFSF). Published in B Van Steenbergen et al (Eds),
Advancing Democracy and Participation: Challenges for the Future (Selections from the XII World Conference of the WFSF (Centre Catala de Prospectiva / Centre Unesco de Catalunya, 1992, pp. 165-170). Also published in abridged form as
Gorbachev as Dramaturge: lessons on social transformation for international organizations (
Futures, September 1992, pp. 689-700)
Abstract Social change wrought by international programmes Learning from the Eastern European surprise Social transformation as participative drama Beyond cause-and-effect explanations: aesthetic participation Human sacrifice and social transformation Dramatic cover-ups in international organizations Participation in dramatized realities Dramatizing international organizations Escaping from metaphoric traps In search of guiding metaphors World governance and imagination building Towards higher orders of consensus: the crop rotation metaphor Imaginative weapons of the future: binary metaphoric dramas? Beyond winning and losing Implications References
Abstract: Explores the dramatic dimensions of Gorbachev's actions as a source of lessons on social transformation in the future. It is argued that transformative moments in society result from the identification of people with an evolving drama. These may then lead to real change of lasting significance, beyond what is normally achieved by international organization programmes. Questions are raised about the extent to which such dramatization is already used and the opportunities for using it to a far greater extent in the future, whether for good or for ill. The link between such drama and the use of metaphor is explored in relation to world governance.
1. Social change wrought by international programmes
It is a sad truth that international organizations are often the last to implement within their own operations and programmes the techniques of social transformation which they advocate or which are explored by others. It is sadder still that such organizations often aspire to function as pale imitations of bodies like the United Nations, themselves faced with severe problems of sclerotic structure and the thinking that reinforces it. This is most clearly symbolized by the limited (and increasingly sterile) vocabulary used to describe the majority of international organizational structures: general assembly, conference, committee, programme, project, and the like. More obvious, perhaps, is the reflection of such thinking in the limited diversity of forms of international meetings.
It is no wonder then that there is an increasing loss of credibility of international bodies, with a corresponding lowering of expectations on the part of those sensitive to the unlearnt lessons of the past. Unfortunately, for those unaware of those lessons, expectations easily become inflated, spurred on by a healthy natural enthusiasm for new opportunities. The 1992 UNCED Earth Summit is one such example, readily exploited by factional interests under the guise of remedial initiatives for planetary ills.
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