Metaphors of Alternation
Year:
1984 An exploration of their significance for development policy-making (Part #1)
Subseqently incorporated into Policy Alternation for Development (1984), pp 175-202. Formed the basis of the section on metaphors in the Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential. [searchable PDF version]
Each development policy may be considered as a particular "answer" to the social problématique. No such answer appears to be free from weaknesses. A shift to an alternative policy becomes progressively more necessary as the effects of these weaknesses accumulate. Since each such policy is a "language" or mindset whereby a world-view is organized, no adequate "logical" framework can exist to facilitate comprehension of the nature of such a shift or the transition between alternatives. Many familiar metaphors of alternation exist through which the characteristics of such a shift may however be understood. In considering them it is appropriate to reflect on those which have a developmental feature and on the distinctions between alternation, oscillation, vacillation or variation.
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Index to Alternation Metaphors
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| Active/Passive roles * 27 Active/Passive roles * 18 Activities of person * 13 Activity shifts 8 Alluring movement 42 Alternators * 46 Animal life cycles 37 Appropriate gestures * 14 Attention focus * 26 Attention holding * 12 Attention holding * 33 Attention management * 12 Behaviour, good/bad * 38 Blending themes * 5 Brainwashing * 27 Breathing 2 Cepheid variable stars * 44 Ceremonial patterns 14 Chairperson rotation * 7 Challenge/Reinforcement * 27 Climbing 40 Climbing * 1 Composition 33 Contrast, significance 26 Contrasting topics * 6 Conversation shifts 6 Conversation, exchange * 9 Conversation, topics * 6 Crop rotation 47 Cycles, animal life * 37 Cycles, festival * 24 Cycles, mechanical * 46 Cycles, psycho-symbolic * 25 Cyclic migration 23 Cyclo-synchrotron * 46 Cylinder motion * 46 Daily activity round 13 Dance 34 Deviation management * 31 Dining 41 Dramatic theme shifts * 5 Driving 31 Dynamo * 46 Educational technique * 27 Encounters of people * 9 Exercise/Rest 3 Eye scanning * 26 Fashion variation 19 Festival cycles * 24 Figure/ground shift * 26 Fitting gestures * 14 Flying 32 Food variation at meals * 41 Gaining/Losing 16 Game participation * 15 Game scenarios * 29 Games, shell * 39 Gamesmanship 21 Good/Bad behaviour 38 Individual activities * 13 Individual mood shifts 11 Influence cycles * 25 |
Initiative in games * 21 Initiative shifts * 16 Interaction of persons * 9 Intercourse, discussion * 9 Intercourse, sexual * 18 Interpersonal exchanges 9 Interrogation technique * 27 Juggling 35 Life cycles, animal * 37 Literary theme shifts * 5 Management of projects * 36 Mechanical cycles 46 Media diets 12 Migration, cyclic * 23 Molecular resonance 43 Momentum maintenance * 1 Mood shifts * 11 Motor * 46 Movement in dance * 34 Movement, alluring * 42 Music, composition * 33 Musical variations 45 Office rotation * 7 Ownership scheduling * 20 Party design 10 Passing the buck * 16 Patterns of activity * 8 Pendulum movement * 46 Performance variation * 45 Performance/Practice * 4 Persuasion/Pressure * 27 Phasing projects * 36 Physical position shift 17 Position shifting * 17 Possession of advantage * 21 Practice/Performance 4 Pressure/Persuasion * 27 Programming in media * 12 Project phasing 36 Psycho-symbolic cycles 25 Pulsating stars 44 Pump * 46 Readership diets * 12 Reinforcement/Challenge * 27 Relationship sharing 22 Relationship shifts * 9 Religious festivals 24 Resonance, molecular * 43 Resource sharing 20 Respiratory cycle * 2 Responsibility shifts * 22 Rest/Exercise * 3 Rotating chairmanship 7 Salon dynamics * 10 Scanning * 26 Scenario possibilities * 29 Scheduling access * 20 Scheduling participants * 15 Scheduling programmes * 12 Seasonal migration * 23 Seasonal variation 28 Sexual intercourse 18 |
Sharing relationships * 22 Sharing resources * 20 Shell games 39 Significance, contrast * 26 Spastic movement * 1 Spring oscillation * 46 Stars, variable * 44 Steering * 31 Stick-and-carrot shifts 27 Strategic configuration 29 Symbolic cycles * 25 Tacking in yachts 30 Taking turns 15 Taste variations * 41 Tension release * 17 Thematic interruption 5 Thematic variation * 45 Themes in music * 33 Time-budgeting * 13 Topics of conversation * 6 Traditional ceremonies * 14 Training technique * 27 Turns, scheduling * 15 Variation, activity * 8 Variation, activity *13 Variation, behaviour * 38 Variation, contacts * 9 Variation, conversation * 6 Variation, crop * 47 Variation, dance * 34 Variation, dramatic * 5 Variation, education * 27 Variation, fashion * 19 Variation, food * 41 Variation, influence * 25 Variation, mood * 11 Variation, music * 45 Variation, ownership * 20 Variation, parties * 10 Variation, performance * .45 Variation, position * 17 Variation, programme * 12 Variation, relationship * 9 Variation, relationship * 22 Variation, seasonal * 28 Variation, sexual * 18 Variation, strategic * 29 Variation, taste * 41 Variation, thematic * 45 Variation, weather * 28 Vibration * 46 Walking 1 Walking * 40 Weather variation * 28 Weight transfer * 1 Wheel * 46 Wing movement * 32 Work * 3 Yacht tacking * 30 |
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